Entries from May 2004 ↓

Under the Influence of a Figure

An interesting discovery has just been made by a contributor to a French periodical, who has apparently a touch of superstition in his character concerning numbers. Whether or no he believes in the mysterious or uncanny influence of number thirteen is not stated, but he points out that the unfortunate President Carnot was throughout his life under the influence, so to say, of the figure seven. He was born in 1837 and entered the Ecole Polytechnique in 1857. He became president of the republic in 1887, in virtue of the seventh article of the constitution. The 17th of May last year he presided at the centenary fetes at the École Polytechnique. He died in the 57th year of his age and in the seventh year of his presidency. In the carriage in which he was seated when assassinated there were, including the driver, etc., seven persons, the crime being committed on a Sunday, the seventh day of the week, by Caserio, and Italian, there being respectively seven letters in these two words. To conclude this list of sevens it is pointed out that M. Carnot’s remains were laid in the tomb in the seventh month of the year and on the seventh day after the murder was committed.

Most people think 7 is a lucky number.

Sadi Carnot actually was stabbed June 24th, 1894. No sevens. The “seventh article of the constitution” refers to Sadi Carnot’s election as president after his predecessor resigned because of a scandal.

The death of Sadi Carnot (by a ruptured blood vessel) inspired Alexis Carrel to investigate methods of repairing blood vessels. This work led to the Nobel Prize in 1912. Perhaps the web of coincidences explained in the article was the wrong one to focus on. But of course, the French “contributor” wouldn’t have known of Alexis Carrel’s Nobel prize work for another… 17… years… yet…. Hmmm…

The November Shower of Meteors

Some curious information in regard to the shower of meteors which occurred in November last, was obtained by observations made at the National Observatory in Washington. The brighter meteors appeared at a height of seventy-five miles above the earth, and were extinguished at a height of fifty-five miles. The average length of their path was twenty-two miles. During the thickest of the shower, they were counted at the rate of three thousand per hour. Their velocity was forty-four miles per second. The thickness of the stream from north to south, was sixty thousand miles; and it is estimated that there was forty thousand meteors to a lineal mile, or one meteor to every nine hundred cubic miles of space. Prof. Newcomb believes that Tuttle’s comet of 1866, which these November meteors follow, is itself simply an agglomeration of meteroids, just dense enough to be visible in the solar rays; and he thinks that the same is true of the other telescopic comets. The November shower next year will begin at 10 o’clock A.M., Washington time, and will, therefore, only be visible on the Pacific Ocean.

The meteors in question were undoubtedly the Leonids, and apparently in 1867 they were a pretty good show.

Prof. Newcomb is most likely Simon Newcomb, a mathematical astronomer who was a professor at the U.S. Naval Observatory and later became director of the American Nautical Almanac Office. He wrote popular books on astronomy as well as his scholarly works.

This article cites Newcomb as an authoritatve source for the coment/meteor connection, but it was actually Giovanni Schiaparelli who made the connection between the comet and the subsequent meteor showers. Schiaparelli was also the person who first described the caneli of Mars, the mistranslation of which led to the Lowell Observatory and lots of science fiction stories.

The Michigan Mastodon

The Chicago Interior publishes a letter from Mr. Nichols, of Tecumseh, dated May 18th, and declares him to be “a man of conscience and understanding.” He says:

“Our village and vicinity constitute a scene of special interest just now, on account of an ancient fossil recently brought to light. A few days ago, as some men were cutting a ditch through a piece of low land, some four miles northeast of our village, they came upon some huge bones, which, on further investigation, proved to be the bones of a Mastodon. They were imbedded in a stratum composed mainly of clay and sand, of yellowish complexion, overlaid by about two or two and a half feet of black muck, and having a stratum of very moist and more thoroughly digested vegetable matter underneath. Directly over the principal remains stood an oak tree of some eighteen inches in diameter and having fifty-five concentric circles.

“The skeleton, as a whole, was very imperfect, both as to the number of pieces and in respect to preservation. Some of the parts, however, to wit: vertebra, part of the jaw, a portion of a tusk, several molars, leg bones, etc, were in a very natural state. From the worn state of the teeth it is inferred, very naturally, that the animal was old. The bones also, being much dispersed about over an area of some thirty feet diameter, would seem to indicate that the creature was not inadvertently cast in the mire, but that it had, through weakness, caused by time or disease, laid down upon the ground, died, and been torn to pieces by surviving and devouring wild beasts.

“As to the dimensions of the animal, Professor Winchell, of the University of Michigan, having examined the remains, thinks that it must have stood some twelve or thirteen feet in length. The main tusk, of which a section, about one yard in length, is in tolerable preservation, is ascertained to have been, when entire, about nine and a half feet in length. This conclusion is reached by measuring the matrix in which it reposed, and which, from the clay of which it is mainly composed, is in a remarkable state of preservation. Its diameter in the middle is nearly or quite four inches, and the curve, which was upward, was very gentle and graceful. But, alas, a prodigious weapon to contend with!”

The Chicago Interior was published by the Western Presbyterian Publishing Co. from 1870 to 1910. Thanks to the Chicago Hisotrical Society for the clue. It seems to have been a new paper when the Argus picked up this story, but I don’t know enough about the Newspaper Industry in the 19th Century to know how they may or may not have been connected.

The Michigan Argus [Argus was the many-eyed guardian of Io] started in Ann Arbor in 1835. I don’t know when they stopped publishing, or if they have anything at all to do with Argus Cameras [also originally from Ann Arbor], but in our Item collection they seem to have the most “weird stuff”.

In fact, more than one of the Argus articles posted by Bill on an old version of his website (the first incarnation of this project, before Notional Slurry and Odd Ends) have been copied numerous times on Fortean-style websites without acknowledging his effort at all. That leaves a bit of a bad taste in my mouth, and I wasn’t even the one who found the articles and typed them in (not the oldest ones on Slurry, at least). It’s not the taking of text–its the lack of courtesy even to say they’d taken it, and then putting their own names as “contributors” to the sites. Hmph.

End of rantlet. More of a whine, really. Back to the real annotation…

Professor Alexander Winchell was the State Geologist of Michigan, Professor of Geology and Paleontolgy at the University of Michigan, Chancellor of Syracuse University, and has a mountain in California named for him. He published a paper in 1864–”Notice of the Remains of a Mastodon Recently Discovered in Michigan.” American Journal of Science 38: 223-224.–that may or may not be this find [Thanks Calvin College]. It’s hard to say, since the area along now-US-12 from Saline towards Tecumseh is part of the “Mastodon Trackway“, and mastodons are apparently not uncommon in the state. There is a difference, though, between 6 years (1864 to 1870) and “a few days ago”.

Alexander Winchell. What a fascinating man. One of the reasons he’s so prevalent on the Web is not just that he was a famous geologist and paleontologist–he named the Mississippian (Lower Carboniferous) strata of rocks–; he’s often cited with respect to creationist theory. I don’t know if his views were the same as the creationsists, or perhaps there is simply an affinity for those blending Science and Christianity. One of his books: Preadamites; or A Demonstration of the Existence of Men Before Adam; together with a Study of Their Condition, Antiquity, Racial Affinities, and Progressive Dispersion Over the Earth got him kicked out of Vanderbilt. Some websites say that it was because he was promoting evolution (men before Adam) but others say it was just university politicking. Since I haven’t read the book I can’t say what it’s about, but apparently its pretty racist in tone.

Another other book of Winchell’s that’s commonly cited on the Web is Theologico-geology, or, The teachings of Scripture, illustrated by the conformation of the earth’s crust, an address delivered before the Bible class connected with the Methodist Episcopal church, Ann Arbor, Michigan, by A. Winchell. You can read it on the Web at the Making of America website. I merely skimmed it, but I noted that he thought there was a bridgeable gulf between “the student of science and the student of the Bible” and declared that Science is “a knowledge of what God has ordained to exist.” Sounds like a proto-IDer to me.

The Queen of the Red Chessmen

The box of chessmen had been left open all night. That was a great oversight! For everybody knows that the contending chessmen are but too eager to fight their battles over again by mid-night, if a chance is only allowed them.

It was at the Willows,–so called, not because the house is surrounded by willows, but because a little clump of them hangs over the pond close by. It is a pretty place, with its broad lawn in front of the door-way, its winding avenue hidden from the road by high trees. It is a quiet place, too; the sun rests gently on the green lawn, and the drooping leaves of the willows hang heavily over the water.

No one would imagine what violent contests were going on under the still roof, this very night. It was the night of the first of May. The moon came silently out from the shadows; the trees were scarcely stirring. The box of chessmen had been left on the balcony steps by the drawing-room window, and the window, too, that warm night, had been left open. So, one by one, all the chessmen came out to fight over again their evening’s battles.

Continue reading →

Kleptomaniacs In Society

Stories of Thieving in High Life that Are Interesting if True

“I don’t suppose you have any kleptomaniacs in society in Washington.” said a New York dowager at the capital the other night at dinner, “but we have them in New York. The last great ball I went to with my daughter we wore very handsome seal skin wraps. Arriving at the dressing-room, the checks for them were handed out and my daughter put them between her teeth for a moment while she was adjusting a portion of her dress. She had occasion to speak to me and so dropped the checks on the floor, and we were about to hurry off to the ball room. I was determined, however, not to lose our wraps and so sent for a friend who was one of the reception committee, and we went into the cloak-room, where I identified the seal skin wraps and got fresh checks for them. At the close of the ball, when we went for them, the man in charge told me that Mrs. Blank, one of the ultra-fashionable women of the Four Hundred, had presented the lost checks and insisted upon my seal skin wraps being delivered to her. When she was informed of what had occurred in the matter of issuing new checks and the visit of the member of the reception committee to the cloakroom, she worked herself into a fine frenzy and walked off indignantly.

Upon another occasion, at one of the great weddings, quite a dramatic scene occurred. The bridal presents were all ostentatiously displayed to excite the envy and gratify the curiosity of the guests. A detective in plain clothes was in the room. He saw a well-known beautifully dressed woman go up to the table and begin admiring and commenting on the beauty of everything with great enthusiasm. She picked up a diamond bracelet and adroitly concealed it. The detective kept his eye on her, and as she was leaving the house to get into her carriage he stepped up to her and said: ‘Excuse me, madam, but haven’t you forgotten to leave your wedding present?’ She was equal to the emergency and pulled herself together with that consummate alacrity which amounts to genius in her sex, and said: ‘Oh, yes, so I have. Thank you very much. Very good of you, indeed.’ Then she calmly swept back to the table where the presents were displayed and depositied the bracelet with the box which contained it, the detective’s eye taking it all in with an amused and quizzical expression.”

Well, well, well. What’s the function of this story? To fill space in the Ann Arbor Register, sure, but what else? To inform the Society in Washington, DC that they’re not up-to-date if they haven’t any kleptos? To bemoan the grasping nouveau riche? Or perhaps just to give the peepul a chance to peek into the lives of the “ultra-fashionable”?

However, the internal commentary is interesting, remarking as it does that “The bridal presents were all ostentatiously displayed to excite the envy and gratify the curiosity of the guests.” The “dowager” was either a wry observer of her set or the editor of the piece was making a social statement.

This raises a point that I won’t go into now: this was written during the era of “yellow journalism“.

Doesn’t Know His Name

A Man in Atlanta Offers $150 to Anyone Telling Him His Name

A man whose mental constitution is seemingly sound in every respect save one has offered a reward of $150 for his name and the place of his former residence.

“I’ve got just $150 in sight, and I’ll give that and my four horses to any man who will tell me who I am and where I came from. I’ll give all I’ve got on earth to know just these two things.”

And the strange part of it is, the man was deeply, desperately in earnest, and he was possessed of his mental faculty save in this unfortunate respect; he could remember neither his name nor where he once lived.

“It’s the only thing I cannot remember,” he said. “If I could only hear my name mentioned I would know all instantly. If you could just mention my name I would remember everything.”

The strangely unfortunate patient sat in Chief Connolly’s office talking to the chief and to Detectives Cason and Looney. He looked vigorous and strong despite a month of confinement in the hospital. He talked with little trouble, and with intelligence upon all subjects save that relating to his name and past. Upon that his mind is a blank.

“Well, this is the strangest case I have ever seen,” said the chief, “and something must be done to identify this man. I am satisfied that he is trying to conceal nothing about himself. The trouble is, he cannot remember, just as he says.” He has been pronounced well for several days. Chief Connolly is determined to find out who the stranger is. He is confident that he is the victim of a diabolical plot, and he intends to prosecute his murderous assailants. He believes that the unfortunate man was robbed of a large sum of money.–Atlanta Constitution.

It appears that the man may have had a form of psychogenic amnesia. The reward would be about $10,000 today, depending on the condition of the horses. Seems like a large chunk-o’change for 1895, and supports the idea that he may have been attacked. I wonder if he ever recovered? Unfortunately, the online archives in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution are not deep enough to find out if there were followup stories.

That’s the difficulty with this sort of project in general. The whole point of this blog is to “follow up” and find out answers to the questions that are raised by the articles. Sometimes the Web is forthcoming with information, but others, like today, it is obfuscatory. Consider this a lesson, children: you can’t find everything on the Web.

And an aside: Why do newspapers have the most difficult to navigate websites?

An Instance of Sulfur Showers

A scientific examination of the sulfur, which fell in the shower of the Lehigh Valley, the other day, proves it to be the pollen from a species of pine, caught up on the wind and carried from the Jersey forests.

“What’s that yellow stuff?” seems to be a common question at pine-pollen time, even in Manitoba. Every spring the pines disgorge pollen over every bit of my yard, but it preferentially covers my truck. I think it’s attracted to the steel. And maybe that’s why this pollen ended up in the area of Allentown [an area known for its iron & steel production], about 100 miles from the Pine Barrens.

An Astonishing Discovery

An astonishing discovery in regard to the production of electricity is announced, which, if genuine, will do away with the necessity of burning coal. Dr. Borchers, of Driesburg, Germany, says that he has found that electricity is generated by the conversion of hydrocarbon and carbonic oxide into carbonic acid, and as this is the same thing that takes place in burning coal he accomplishes the same end by chemical means by what he calls the wet process. While a steam engine utilizes about 12 per cent. of the theoretical energy and a gas engine 20 per cent., Dr. Borchers claims that his new process gives no less than 38 per cent.

The first puzzle in this article starts not with the scientific claims, but with the location of Dr. Borchers. Driesburg, Germany isn’t on any of the maps I have access to. A couple of geneology-board messages hint that Driesburg may have later become Duisburg, but Duisburg’s very nice-looking tourist website points out that a student of Gerhard [Kremer] Mercator drew up a plan for Duisburg in 1566. Or perhaps the family-tree builders think that Driesburg was a mis-hearing of Duisburg. I’m not so sure about that. I don’t think German has a ie/ui homophone, but I’m drawing on limited experience.

What are the other options? Well, there may have been a Dreisburg that just stopped existing, and it’s history was erased (the alternate universe theory); Driesburg was subsumed by some other town (perhaps even Duisburg); or they got everything wrong and put Driebergen, The Netherlands closer to Germany than it really is. Or maybe it’s a misspelt Diersburg, which is near Strasbourg. I’m open to suggestions.

I see now why the geneology websites are so popular. Once you’ve found out that Town X listed on your great-grandfather’s entry papers is really Town Y, others don’t have to struggle with the same question. Of course, I just struggled with it and decided not to trust the geneology site…

All that and I haven’t even started on the electro-chemistry part of the article. I have no idea how to evaluate the efficiency claims, since I’ve divested myself of all college-chemistry-related information. Dr. Borchers could be talking about the 19th century equivalent to cold fusion for all I know.

In any case, alternative sources of electrical energy are still being sought and promoted. Which alternative you choose depends on your desired objective: highest efficiency, lowest cost, low environmental impact, &c.

And while not really a part of this article, I couldn’t resist sharing this picture.