Venetian Mosaics

An Old and Beautiful Art Revived by Modern Demands.

The revival at Venice of the mosaic art, chiefly for internal and external artistic decorations of private and public buildings, goes on uninterruptedly and working in mosaic is now (our consul says) carried on in that city on a large scale and with great success, says the London Daily News. A mosaic is a work framed by the use of “tesserae” or small cubes of enamel, marble or other material and of a gold-and-silver leaf between two films of the purest glass of various colors, which are skillfully mixed on cement so as to produce the effect of a picture. The composition of human figures in different attitudes, animals, draperies or other objects requiring a careful delineation are intrusted to the best workmen and the execution of the background to the less trained workmen. The splendid mosaics which are made at Venice continue to be in great demand in the artistic markets of the world for the skillful manner in which the tesserae are arranged, for their extreme beauty and delicacy of color, the rich harmony of effect and from their being nearly indestructible. The manner in which mosaics are now made for decorative purposes is quite different from the elaborate system used by the ancients, which consisted in fixing the tesserae one by one on the cement previously applied on the wall. The modern method of the Venetian school consists in executing the mosaic in the workshop by having the tesserae fixed with common paste on the section of the cartoon assigned to each workman. When all the parts of the mosaic are complete they are put together on the floor or on a special wooden frame. The mosaic, which is then a perfect representation of the original cartoon, is again divided into section on the reverse side, marked with a progressive number and carefully packed to be sent off to the place for which it is intended. The surface of the wall where the mosaic is to be fixed is then covered with cement, into which the sections of the mosaic are uniformly pressed according to their numbers and the key-plan supplied to the fixers. When the cement has hardened the paper on which the tesserae have been pasted is gently taken off and the faithful copy of the original cartoon is again exhibited on the right side.

Now you can buy mosaic jars, drapery finials and wastebaskets at your local Big Box Home Improvement Store. But they don’t have the pictorial part, just the background as done by the “less trained workmen.” Or, as every watcher of DIY shows knows, you can make your own with a bit of glass and some grout.

Somehow, it just doesn’t seem the same.

Bloomers Disrupt a Family

Mrs. John Quill and her husband quarreled at Eaton, O., over the question whether or not their daughter should wear bloomers. The Quills are old people, wealthy, and have a large family of grown-up children. Quill is 75 years old and very feeble, but he advocated bloomers. They quarreled viciously, and finally Mrs. Quill attempted to pull out her husband’s whiskers. Not succeeding, she cut them off. The fight was so bitter that both the old people are under a physician’s care, and it is feared Mrs. Quill will become insane.

That’s quite an argument. At least she decided to cut off something that would grow back.

So was Mr Quill advocating bloomers because he recognized his daughter was an adult and would do as she pleased, or was there some other reason?

Thought He Was at a Caucus

The house had been picked up by a tremendous cyclone and hurled and whirled and crashed through tree tops and over fields until at last it fell in an old buffalo wallow, and was riven to kindling wood. There was a slight commotion among the debris, and at last the Kansas man crawled out, stunned and bleeding.

He looked about with a dazed air at the new surroundings, two counties away from home, but, suddenly brightening up, he cried:

“Mr. President and gentlemen of the convention, I withdraw my name.”–Exchange

Wow. Those Kansas cyclones sure are something, ain’t they? But is the Wonderful Wizard of Oz truly a parable of money reform?

Two counties is a long way, though. You can see for yourself here.

Bacteria in Clothes

Dr. Seitz Found 956 Thriving Colonies in a Stocking.

Carlyle gave us the philosophy of clothes; now Dr. Seitz, of Munich, gives us their bacteriology. On examining a worsted stocking he found 956 thriving colonies, while on a cotton sock there were 712. Both these articles had been worn, but no information is vouchsafed as to the personal habits of the wearer. Thirty-three colonies were found on a glove, 20 on a piece of woollen stuff and nine on a piece of cloth; none of these articles had been worn. On a piece of cloth from a garment that had been worn a week there were 23 colonies. Of the micro-organisms found on articles of clothing relatively few were capable of causing disease. The pathogenic species were almost without exception staphylococci. In one case, however, Dr. Seitz found the typhoid bacillus in articles of clothing from 21 to 27 days, and the staphylococcus pyogenes albus 19 days after they had been worn. The anthrax bacillus found in clothes was still virulent after a year. The microbe of erysipelas, on the other hand, could not be found after 18 hours, nor the cholera vibrio after three days. Dr. Seitz studied with special care the question whether in tuberculous subjects who sweated profusely the bacillus was conveyed by the perspiration to a piece of linen worn for some time next to the skin of the chest. The inoculation of two guinea-pigs, however, gave negative results.

According to an article title at PubMed, “Dr. Seitz of Munich” is Franz Seitz (1811-1892). Unfortunately, I am unable to find this article or any other information on Dr Seitz. However, I wonder if Dr Seitz’s work took over three years to be translated into English?

Rather than post links to each type of bacteria, I’ll just give you a link to the online Textbook of Bacteriology. Enjoy!

This is a Progressive Age

New and Startling Discoveries are Made Daily.

The greatest discovory [sic] for suffers of catarrh, Hay fever, Asthma is Mayers’ Magnetic Catarrh Cure. Its wonderful cures since its discoveay [sic] are known to thousands.

This grand medicine will positively cure all forms of these terrible diseases.

It accomplishes what no other remedy has done. So simple a child can use it. No cure no pay. One bottle will do the work and lasts for a three months treatment. Entirely new, no other remedy like it. This is what the eminent Dr. Henry Carrington Alexander, D. D., L. L. D., has to say of its marvelous cure.

The Mayers Drug Co., Oakland, Md.

Gentlemen:–Ever since I have tried your famous catarrh remedy I have intended to give you a voluntary testimonial of its efficiency. I have been a sufferer for years from nasal and post nasal catarrh, and the bone in my nose has been visibly changed in its shape.

After a trial of all manner of good and indifferent recipes, I have no hesitation in pronouncing your Magnetic Catarrh Cure the best, the speediest and most effectual remedy I have yet encountered. I wish and predict your success in the effort to demonstrate the value of your neat device in the way of a truly scientific and meritorious inhalant. You have made me your everlasting debtor.

I am my dear sirs,
Yours faithfully,
Henry Carrington Alexander.
Sept. 12th, 1893.

This advertisment is typical for the turn of the century. Grand claims and a testimonial by an eminent personage laid out in text form with minimal proofreading.

The Mayers Drug Company is listed in the Maryland archives’ 1908 Annual Report of the Comptroller. There are also a couple of references to their bottles. Unfortunately, I haven’t seen anything else by this company — and so have no idea when it folded or what happened to its Magnetic Cure.

Actually, I have no idea what form the “cure” takes. I thought originally that it was something one drank, but according to Dr Alexander, it seems one inhales it. Perhaps it’s a precursor to Zicamâ„¢?

Dr Alexander is known only on the web for the biography he wrote of his uncle Joseph Addison Alexander, former professor at Princeton.

A Strange Family

A Hen Adopts a Litter of Pups and Keeps Charge of Them.

A hen with a family of ducks is not an uncommon sight, but a hen with a family of pups is a sight rarely witnessed. Such a sight, however, can be seen any day at the farm of John Leyda, Marion Township, a few miles east of Beaver Dam, Pa. Three weeks ago a Scotch collie dog belonging to Mr. Leyda gave birth to a litter of seven pups. During the day the dog left the barn and her family and went to the house for something to eat. In the barn near the pups was an old hen on a nest full of eggs. During the absence of the mother dog the pups began to whine. Straightway the old hen left her nest, went to the pups, and began gathering them under her ample wings as well as she was able, and soon clucked them to sleep. When the collie returned she made no objection to the arrangement, but laid down with them, and from that day to this the old hen has had charge of the little animals.–Pittsburg Dispatch.

Interspecies adoption is pretty common, it seems — Koko had her cat, The Littles had Stuart, and the lioness had her oryx (well, for a while, anyway). But I have been unable to locate any other instances of a chicken mothering puppies.

Marion Township is in Beaver County, Berks County, Butler County, and Centre County, PA. Given that Beaver Dam, PA is in Erie County, I’m guessing there was some sort of change (possibly postal?) since this article was written and Mr Leyda is indeed from Beaver County. Ca. 1847, there was a John Leyda in New Bedford PA (Lawrence county, made from parts of Beaver County in 1849), so perhaps our John was a descendent.

Scotch collies are Lassie’s ancestors.

The Pittsburg Dispatch operated from 1846 to 1923.

Mystery of A Maine Island

A Hermit Englishman who ended his Misery by Cutting his Throat

“Some years ago, up at North Haven Island, on the Maine Coast,” said a New Yorker, “I came across a mystery that haunts me still. A bare rocky point juts out into the sea on one side of the island, and the first year that I visited the place there was a rude cabin on the rock. Having gone out there from curiosity one day, I found a man in shameful rags trying out the oil from the refuse of a fish-canning factory. When I came to examine the man his appearance astonished me. He was an extremely handsome, well-made Englishman of forty or thereabouts. His hands, soiled with the material he worked in, were small and well-shaped. When I tried to draw him into conversation, he first answered in monosyllables, and was almost sulky in his reserve. He gradually thawed, however, and I found that he spoke rare and beautiful English, and that of a well-bred and well-read man. Glancing into the door of his cabin, I could see perhaps a score of well-thumbed volumes in library binding. His reserve was such that I could not ask him about himself, but I left the island deeply interested in him.”

“I turned up at North Haven the next year, and one of the earliest things I did was to go out to the point in search of my acquaintance. The rock was bare again, and there was no trace of him and his cottage. I asked about him of some persons I met on the island, and here is what I learned: He had come to the place mysteriously some years before, having been dropped by a schooner. He found work at the fish cannery, but later quit the place, built his cabin on the rock, supplied himself with food chiefly by fishing, and obtained from the factory the privilege of trying oil from the refuse. From the products he obtained a little ready money for tobacco and other luxuries. At some between my two visits his cabin was discovered to be on fire late one night, and, hurrying down, his neighbors saw him amid the flames dead, with his throat cut. The fire had so seized upon the hut that his body could not be removed until it was nearly consumed. He was buried, and no solution of the mystery discovered. Life had evidently become insupportable to him, and he had taken the way of suicide as the easiest one out of misery.”

I don’t buy it. He cut his own throat and then set fire to his cabin?

Electricity At Sea

The White Light is Proved to be the One the Easiest and Best Seen

Some interesting experiments have been made on the visibility of the electric light at sea by the government of the United States, Germany and the Netherlands. The word “visible” in the report on the tests means visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere. The result of the experience of the German committee was that a white light of one candle power was visible 1.4 miles on a dark, clear night, and one mile on a rainy night. The American tests resulted as follows: In very clear weather a light of one candle power was plainly visible at one nautical mile; one of three candle power at two miles; one of ten candle power was seen by the aid of a binocular at four miles; one of twenty-nine candle power faintly at five miles, and one of thirty-three candle power plainly at five miles. On an exceptionally clear night a white light of 3.2 candle power was readily distinguished at three miles; one of 5.6 candle power at four miles and one of 17.2 candle power at five miles. In the Dutch experiments the results were almost similar, but a 16 candle power light was plainly visible at five miles. For a green light the power required was two for one mile, fifteen for two miles, fifty-one for three miles and 106 for four miles. The result of tests with a red light were almost identical with those with green, but it was conclusively proved that a white light was by far the most easily seen.

Candle power is one way of measuring how much light is produced by a lamp. Its value depends on whether the beam is focused or not, also. It is not the same as a foot-candle which is a measure of how much light hits an object a foot away from the source. Ain’t physics fun?

It is left as an exercise to the reader to plot the results. I did, ignoring all questions of reflectors, beam focusers, etc. Nyah.

I’m lucky if I can see a light across the back yard, let alone a mile away! That is the unfortunate consequence of our love of lit sidewalks and streets. I seldom see the stars here in AA.